Social context of Politics & Planning and its influence in development
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Social, Economic, Cultural context of Politics and Planning and its influence in development. 


Development not only in economic terms but also as freedoms and capacities that individuals have to improve their social and economic standing  While economic growth is crucial to sustained poverty reduction, institutional and social changes are also essential to the development processes and the inclusion of poor people At the same time, national political structures  have impact on socio-economic relationships therefore  political stability and corruption also influence development pattern. 

All societies have some kind of mechanisms and urban planning systems in dealing with land development, which vary according to, first, the social context within which land is given meaning. Second, the political and economic context within which land is produced as an environmental good to be consumed by different interest groups within society, each of which has its goals and agendas

This means that the way in which such mechanisms and systems are established and the built environment that they give rise to, are always affected by the changes in the political economy, socio-political and socio-economic contexts as well as the interaction of interests and values of societal groups, institutions, agencies, and individuals in society.

the dynamics of the global political economy and its significant impact on the national and local political economy contexts and on the way in which the state relates to interest groups within society and adopts certain urban development planning approaches to land and development in specific time-space edge, it becomes crucial that physical planning practice should not be analysed separately from a critical understanding of such contexts. The impact of change at the levels of global, national, and local political economy on physical planning practice can be easily recognised in the debated notions of the ‘places wars’ and ‘inter-urban’ and ‘intra-urban’ conflicts and its devastating social and environmental impacts both in the developed and less developed countries.

It can also be recognised, since the mid 1980s, in the evident global shift in: the economic processes associated with capitalist development, the form of social relations, the role of state in capitalist development, and planning methodologies In this sense, it is critically important to understand the link between the change of the global political economy and the national and local political economy contexts. Such critical understanding provides, on the one hand, the basic background upon which the change in the state-society relationship, specifically state-private sector relationship at the national and local levels, might be historically recognised, explored, analysed, and documented within a given time and space edge

Though the term development usually refers to economic progress, it can apply to political, social, and technological progress as well. These various sectors of society are so intertwined that it is difficult to neatly separate them. Development in all these sectors is governed by the same principles and laws, and therefore the term applies uniformly.

Development is governed by many factors that influence the results of developmental efforts. There must be a motive that drives the social change and essential preconditions for that change to occur. The motive must be powerful enough to overcome obstructions that impede that change from occurring. Development also requires resources such as capital, technology, and supporting infrastructure.

·         Insufficiency of economic models to explain development outcome
·         Changing geopolitical environment brought new security concerns to the development arena.
Political economy focuses particular attention on the understanding of how production, distribution, and consumption processes are influenced by political and economic actors and how they shape institutions and policies of the country or region. 
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