09-25-2022, 03:18 PM
The substances (dravya), their qualities (guna – which exhibit association – anvaya), and modes (paryāya – which exhibit distinction or exclusion – vyatireka), are known as objects (artha). The Omniscient Lord has expounded that the substance
(dravya) is the substratum of qualities (guna) and modes (paryāya).
Explanatory Note: All three together – substance (dravya), qualities (guna), and modes (paryāya) – are known as ‘artha’, the object. Gold is a substance (dravya) because of its qualities (guna) – yellowness – and modes (paryāya) – earring. therefore, the substance (dravya) – gold – is ‘artha’. Qualities (guõa) – yellowness – are because of gold (dravya). Therefore, qualities (guna) – yellowness – are ‘artha’. Modes (paryāya) – earring – are because of gold (dravya). Therefore, modes (paryāya) – earring – are ‘artha’. This way, the substance (dravya), its qualities (guõa), and its modes (paryāya) are ‘artha’. Since gold (dravya) is inseparable from its yellowness (quality – guna) and earring (mode – paryāya), therefore, gold (dravya) is the substratum of its qualities (guna) and modes (paryāya). In essence, qualities (guna), and modes (paryāya) cannot exist without the substance (dravya); the substance (dravya), therefore, is the substratum of its qualities (guna), and modes (paryāya).
(dravya) is the substratum of qualities (guna) and modes (paryāya).
Explanatory Note: All three together – substance (dravya), qualities (guna), and modes (paryāya) – are known as ‘artha’, the object. Gold is a substance (dravya) because of its qualities (guna) – yellowness – and modes (paryāya) – earring. therefore, the substance (dravya) – gold – is ‘artha’. Qualities (guõa) – yellowness – are because of gold (dravya). Therefore, qualities (guna) – yellowness – are ‘artha’. Modes (paryāya) – earring – are because of gold (dravya). Therefore, modes (paryāya) – earring – are ‘artha’. This way, the substance (dravya), its qualities (guõa), and its modes (paryāya) are ‘artha’. Since gold (dravya) is inseparable from its yellowness (quality – guna) and earring (mode – paryāya), therefore, gold (dravya) is the substratum of its qualities (guna) and modes (paryāya). In essence, qualities (guna), and modes (paryāya) cannot exist without the substance (dravya); the substance (dravya), therefore, is the substratum of its qualities (guna), and modes (paryāya).